Difference between content theory and process theory. A classic taxonomy of motivation theories is to group them into two main sets. One theory that has been particularly successful in explaining ethical behavior is reinforcement theory. Mc clelland proposed that there are three major needs or motives for. Maslows theory of the hierarchy of needs, alderfers erg theory, mcclellands achievement motivation theory, and herzbergs twofactor theory focused on what motivates people and addressed specific factors like individual needs and goals.
Theory x states that employees dislike and try to avoid work, so they must be coerced into doing it. Process theories of motivation also referred to as cognitive theories focus on how behavior change occurs, or how a person comes to act in a different way. Extrinsic motivation is something outside the person that energizes behavior. The most representative are the theory of expectations vroomand the goal setting theory latham and locke 2. Mcclelland advocates that home environment, social philosophy and social norms and values. The work motivation theories can be broadly classified as content theories and process theories.
Money, fame, power intrinsic motivation is something within the person that energizes behavior. It is essential that mangers have a basic understanding of work motivation because highly motivated employees are more likely to produce a superior. We as humans are motivated by a variety of different things. The theories presented in this section focus on the importance of human needs. Early theories of motivation introduction to business.
These different cognitive theories of motivation are usually divided into two contrasting approaches1. Thus, theories of motivation can be broadly classified as. Content theories of motivation are one of the types of motivation theory. They are concerned with types of incentives that drive people to attain need fulfillment. Robbins, this is the process that account for an individuals intensity, direction and persistence of effort toward attaining a goal s. The aim of this paper is to compare and contrast the theories of motivation and how they are used to inspire employees to develop the drive to achieve. The motivation theory that i am in most agreement with would be the diversity view point. Within the work environment they have had the greatest impact on management practice and policy, whilst within academic circles they are the least accepted.
The theories center its attention on the cognitive processes underlying an individuals level of motivation. Maslows need hierarchy theory, three factor theory of mccelland, two factor theory of herzberg and erg theory of alderfer are the most famous content theories. What is the difference between the content and process. Content theories attempt to explain those specific things, which actually motivate the individual at work. Several termsmotive, drive, need, instincts, curiosity, goal incentive and interest are used to explain the term motivation. Motivation theories have been applied to explain this interesting and important question. Different approaches applied by them have resulted in a number of theories concerning motivation. Maslows theory is a general theory on motivation which expresses that the urge to satisfy needs is the principle variable in motivation. Difference between maslow and herzbergs theories of motivation. Motivation theories also explain how to influence ones direction to behavior that allows controlling and guiding employees actions. Motivation is a process that starts with a physiological or psychological need that. The major motivation theorists and their relevance to the industry. Hierarchy of needs by maslow motivation is defined as the willingness or the reason behind any action or behavioral pattern which might be displayed by an individual. There are also a large number of cognitive theories that relate to motivation and explain how our way of thinking and perceiving ourselves and the.
Variety of workplace motivation theories are classified as either process theory or content theory campbell et. Essay on different theories of motivation 1724 words bartleby. Process and content theory of motivation and how they. The main difference between maslow and herzbergs theory of motivation lies in the basis. Here in this study we try to focus on the theoretical aspects of motivation from early era and also from contemporary era. The content theories deal with what motivates people, whereas the process theories deal with, how motivation occurs. These theories are concerned with identifying peoples needs and their relative strength, and the. Out of all those theories on motivation, two of the most popular theories on motivation are the motivation theory by maslow and the motivation theory by mcclelland.
Motivation motivation is a need or desire that energizes behavior and directs it towards a goal. Motivation is the force that initiates, guides, and maintains goaloriented behaviors. Mcclellands achievement motivation theory 15 this is a psychological theory. Motivation content theories include those factors which motivate individuals, and analyzing the behavior. The distinction between content and process theories. The distinction between content and process theories of motivation. The theories of motivation maybe categorized according to their definitions and purpose but critical analysis reveal that they are all linked, they lead to serving satisfaction in employees. As we know motivation is a mechanism which ultimately influences people to act in a desired way. Content theories of motivation organizational behavior. Different types of motivation theories meaning and. Motivation theories content theories of motivation. We will use here a modified version of this classification.
Some of the most important theories of motivation are as follows. Relevance of theories of motivation in retail business. The first of its kind to be applied to the workforce was maslows hierarchy of needs, which is a theory still included in todays management textbooks. Just like any other behavior such as performance or cooperation, ethical behavior is one that is learned as a result of the consequences following one. Motivation is the set of forces that prompt a person to release energy in a certain direction. Process theories try to explain how people initiate, direct and maintain their. Hierarchy of needs by maslow motivation is defined as the willingness or the reason behind any action or. Read our insightful post on motivation in education. Based on content theory that emphasize on factors and needs that encourage and inspire employees behaviour as well as performance.
Each of these offers you a different perspective on what it is that motivates people to be committed and productive team members. Reinforcement theory expectancy theory equity theory goal setting maslows hierarchy of needs physiological esteem social safety selfactualization. Quit chapter start contents video chapter end web site. Book description isbn 9214863979223 36 pages this free ebook describes the five most popular contemporary team motivation theories. Since the great depression there have been many studies, hypotheses and theories on the subject of human motivation. However, by looking at the key ideas behind each theory, you can gain a better understanding of motivation as a whole. Motivation process theories explore process of motivation. Badubi school of management, wuhan university of technology, wuhan, p. And we are trying to find out some common issues about these motivational theories from different time periods.
Maslows need hierarchy alderfers erg theory mccllellands learned needs herzbergs two factor theory process theories of motivation. Oct 26, 2014 difference between content theory and process theory is that, content theory emphasizes on the reasons for changing the human needs frequently while process theory focuses on the psychological processes which affect motivation, with regard to the expectations, goals, and perceptions of equity. Motivation theories seek to explain why employees are motivated by and satisfied with one type of work than another. In short, content theories explain what motivation is, and process theories describe how motivation occurs. We have appreciated earlier the importance of motivation in determining human behaviour.
Researchers have developed a number of theories to explain motivation. Many theories of motivation are developed by phycologists and human resources specialists. Different types of motivation theories meaning and definition. As such, motivation is essentially a need and wantsatisfying process. Chapter outline defining motivation needs theories of motivation process theories of motivation responses to the reward system. From the beginning modern, when human organizations were established, various scholars have tried to find out the ways. Content theories attempt to explain those specific things, which actually motivate the individual at. Managers tend to believe one or the other and treat their employees accordingly. Motivation theories are used to understand, explain and. In content theories of motivation, there are numerous definitions in explaining the meanings and sources of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. This means that one persons drive for victory and success will be different from. Different psychologists have emphasised different aspects of motivation. So motivation theory is concerned with why and how the actuating force is activated and how it works to accomplish its goal. The main difference between content and process theories is that content theory focuses on individual needs, while process theory focuses on behavior.
Motivational theories a critical analysis 67 efforttoperformance expectancy is the starting point in the implementation of the expectancy theory. Theories of motivation are often separated into content theories and process theories. The content theories find the answer to what motivates an individual and is concerned with individual needs and wants. Maslow s needs hierarchy, alderfers erg theory, mcclellands achievement motivation and herzbergs twofactor theory. In contrast, herzbergs theory on motivation reveals that there are a number of variables existing at the workplace that results in job satisfaction or dissatisfaction. Skinners reinforcement theory, victor vrooms expectancy theory, adams equity theory and lockes goal setting theory figure 1. A need is a human condition that becomes energized when people feel deficient in some respect. Sometimes financial rewards motivate people and sometimes it is just an inner drive to make a difference. The content theories are concerned with identifying the needs that people have and how needs are prioritized. Motivation is generally understood as the drive or the desire to do things. A common thread through all of them is that people have a variety of needs. Each individual theory tends to be rather limited in scope.
The use of both content and process theories must be put into practice to motivate employees effectively. Chapter 5 contemporary theories of motivation integrating. There is less emphasis on the specific factors or content that causes. The content theories of motivation in a historical perspective, the content theories tend to be the earliest theories of motivation or later modifications of early theories. Theories of motivation and their application in organizations. Essay on different theories of motivation 1724 words 7 pages introduction motivation is a reason or set or reasons for engaging in a particular behavior, especially human behavior as studied in psychology and neuropsychology. Early and modern theories of motivation allow a manager to find the reasons for peoples actions, desires, and needs.
Top 5 motivation theories free ebook in pdf format. These theories provide insight into what motivates people to act a certain way in a particular setting and are popular in business management. Jul 09, 2017 the distinction between content and process theories of motivation. Developed by david mc clelland as an achievement motivation theory. Content theories of motivation describe a content theory of motivation. Douglas mcgregor proposed two different motivational theories. Values are incentives or reasons for engaging in an activity.